Media Coverage

ESXiArgs has turned into one of the highest-profile threat campaigns in recent memory, despite only having a moderate scale. ESXiArgs is the name of the ransomware campaign involving a series of attacks against servers with vulnerable instances of VMware ESXi. Initial attack reports came in early February, and an updated advisory from French cyber agency CERT-FR listed vulnerabilities CVE-2020-3992 and CVE-2021-21974 as possible attack vectors. Thousands of servers have apparently been infected by the ransomware so far.  The Shadowserver Foundation CEO Piotr Kijewski told TechTarget Editorial last week that ESXiArgs lacks the scale of Log4Shell and ProxyShell threats, but it has perhaps proven notable because it’s an enterprise-focused campaign that spread quickly. There are also looming questions about ESXiArgs’ attack vector and which threat actor — or actors — is behind the campaign.

Exploitation attempts targeting a critical-severity Oracle E-Business Suite vulnerability have been observed shortly after proof-of-concept (PoC) code was published. One of the major Oracle product lines, the E-Business Suite is a set of enterprise applications that help organizations automate processes such as supply chain management (SCM), enterprise resource planning (ERP), and customer relationship management (CRM). Tracked as CVE-2022-21587 (CVSS score of 9.8), the exploited flaw was identified in the Web Applications Desktop Integrator of Oracle’s enterprise product and was addressed as part of Oracle’s October 2022 Critical Patch Update. According to a NIST advisory, unauthenticated attackers with network access via HTTP can easily exploit the security defect to compromise the Web Applications Desktop Integrator and take it over. This week, CISA added CVE-2022-21587 to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, urging Oracle customers to apply the available patches as soon as possible. The first exploitation attempts, however, were observed on January 21, Shadowserver warned last week. “Since Jan 21st we are seeing exploitation attempts in our honeypot sensors for Oracle E-Business Suite CVE-2022-21587 (CVSS 9.8 RCE) shortly after a PoC was published, (by Viettel Cyber Security)” Shadowserver said. According to Shadowserver data, the number of observed exploitation attempts is currently low. However, threat actors are known to target unpatched Oracle products, and the number of attacks may increase shortly. This week, CISA also warned of observed exploitation of CVE-2023-22952, a high-severity remote code execution flaw in SugarCRM.

Shadowserver Foundation recently published scanning results for MySQL server instances on port 3306/TCP. Over 3.6 million MySQL servers were accessible worldwide. For almost all of these databases, there is no use case for the general public to access or even know these servers exist. We’re pretty certain that none of the 3.6 million had intentionally left their databases accessible, so here is a quick scan you can do, to check if your MySQL databases have their ports open.

Microsoft urged customers today to keep their on-premises Exchange servers patched by applying the latest supported Cumulative Update (CU) to have them always ready to deploy an emergency security update. “Exchange Server CUs and SUs are cumulative, so you only need to install the latest available one. You install the latest CU, then see if any SUs were released after the CU was released. If so, install the most recent (latest) SU.” Unfortunately, Exchange servers are highly sought-after targets, as evidenced by the FIN7 cybercrime group’s efforts to create a custom auto-attack platform dubbed Checkmarks specifically designed to help breach Exchange servers. Today’s warning comes after Microsoft also asked admins to continuously patch on-prem Exchange servers after issuing emergency out-of-band security updates to address the ProxyLogon vulnerabilities that were exploited in attacks two months before official patches were released. At least ten hacking groups were using ProxyLogon exploits in March 2021 for various purposes, one being a Chinese-sponsored threat group tracked by Microsoft as Hafnium. To show the massive number of organizations exposed to such attacks, the Dutch Institute for Vulnerability Disclosure (DIVD) found 46,000 servers unpatched against the ProxyLogon bugs one week after Microsoft released security updates. More recently, in November 2022, Microsoft patched another set of Exchange bugs known as ProxyNotShell that allow privilege escalation and remote code execution on compromised servers two months after in-the-wild exploitation was first detected. Last but not least, CISA ordered federal agencies to patch a Microsoft Exchange bug dubbed OWASSRF and abused by the Play ransomware gang as a zero-day to bypass ProxyNotShell URL rewrite mitigations on unpatched servers belonging to Texas-based cloud computing provider Rackspace. To put things in perspective, earlier this month, security researchers at the Shadowserver Foundation found that over 60,000 Microsoft Exchange servers exposed online are still vulnerable to attacks leveraging ProxyNotShell exploits targeting the CVE-2022-41082 remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability.

A critical remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability affecting multiple Zoho ManageEngine products is now being exploited in attacks. The first exploitation attempts were observed by cybersecurity firm Rapid7 on Tuesday, two days before Horizon3 security researchers released public exploit code and in-depth technical analysis of the flaw.  “Rapid7 is responding to various compromises arising from the exploitation of CVE-2022-47966, a pre-authentication remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability impacting at least 24 on-premise ManageEngine products,” the threat detection firm said. Rapid7 observed exploitation across organizations as early as January 17, 2023 (UTC).” This was confirmed by researchers at the Shadowserver Foundation, who said they are “picking up exploitation attempts from at least 10 IPs for CVE-2022-47966 unauthenticated RCE affecting multiple Zoho ManageEngine products (that have SAML SSO enabled).”

The Brazilian Hospital Services Company (Ebserh), which operates in the country’s 38 university hospitals, has joined a project that brings together several Latin American countries to collaborate on detecting cyber threats.  The initiative, initiated by the Ecuadorian Corporation for the Development of Research and Academia (CEDIA) and the Shadowserver Foundation, is deploying a network of sensors in Latin America and the Caribbean, using as a foundation the technology developed by Shadowserver to automate sensor deployments and the CEDIA’s experience as an IT Security Incident Response Center (CSIRT). This network provides a unique view of IoT threats in the region and, together with a communication campaign, will help reduce the number of infected devices. Data generated will be shared with 21 national CSIRTs and 235 network owners in the region, as well as a total of 109 national CSIRTs and more than 5,000 network owners worldwide via Shadowserver’s daily corrective action feeds. The project will take existing IoT-related open source honeypots and deploy them at scale using the Shadowserver framework. The project will be supported by a combination of paid VPS services and third-party donated nodes. At least 50 sensors will be placed in 15 countries.

Most internet-exposed Cacti installations have not been patched against a critical-severity command injection vulnerability that is being exploited in attacks. An open-source web-based network monitoring and graphing tool that offers an operational monitoring and fault management framework, Cacti is a front-end application for the data logging utility RRDtool. In early December 2022, the tool’s maintainers announced patches for CVE-2022-46169, a critical-severity (CVSS score 9.8) command injection flaw that could allow unauthenticated attackers to execute code on the server running Cacti, if a specific data source was used. Cacti versions 1.2.23 and 1.3.0, released on December 5, include patches for this vulnerability. A few days after SonarSource published a technical analysis of CVE-2022-46169 on January 3, The Shadowserver Foundation warned that it had logged the first exploitation attempts targeting the security defect. “Using Cacti? We started to pick up exploitation attempts for Cacti unauthenticated remote command injection CVE-2022-46169 including subsequent malware download. These started Jan 3rd. Make sure to patch & not expose your Cacti instance to the Internet,” Shadowserver said. This week, attack surface management firm Censys revealed that, out of 6,400 internet-accessible Cacti hosts that it has identified, only 26 were running a patched version of the tool. Most of these servers are in Brazil, with Indonesia and the US rounding up the top three. With exploitation of this vulnerability underway, organizations are advised to update Cacti to a patched version as soon as possible.

Malicious actors are actively attempting to exploit a recently patched critical vulnerability in Control Web Panel (CWP) that enables elevated privileges and unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE) on susceptible servers. Tracked as CVE-2022-44877 (CVSS score: 9.8), the bug impacts all versions of the software before 0.9.8.1147 and was patched by its maintainers on October 25, 2022. Control Web Panel, formerly known as CentOS Web Panel, is a popular server administration tool for enterprise-based Linux systems. Gais Security researcher Numan Turle has been credited with discovering and reporting the flaw to the Control Web Panel developers. Exploitation of the flaw is said to have commenced on January 6, 2023, following the availability of a proof-of-concept (PoC), the Shadowserver Foundation and GreyNoise disclosed. “This is an unauthenticated RCE,” Shadowserver said in a series of tweets, adding, “exploitation is trivial.”

Attackers are targeting a recently patched vulnerability in the CentOS Control Web Panel that allows remote unauthenticated code execution on vulnerable servers. The bug has been public for several days and the researcher who discovered it has published exploit code for it, as well. The maintainers of CWP released a new version of the software to address the vulnerability, but because CWP is used as an interface for websites, it’s likely that many organizations haven’t updated just yet. CWP is a popular web interface for website hosting. Researcher Numan Turle of Gais Security discovered the vulnerability (CVE-2022-44877) and reported it to Control Web Panel, which released an update in October. The details of the vulnerability emerged last week, along with a proof-of-concept exploit that Turle developed, and now attackers are beginning to exploit the bug. On Wednesday, researchers at The Shadowserver Foundation, which tracks vulnerabilities, exploit attempts, and other Internet trends, reported seeing exploit attempts ramping up against the CWP flaw. And data from GreyNoise, which also tracks attack traffic, shows exploit attempts against this flaw, as well. “We are seeing CVE-2022-44877 exploitation attempts for CWP (CentOS Web Panel/Control Web Panel) instances. This is an unauthenticated RCE. Exploitation is trivial and a PoC published. Exploitation first observed Jan 6th,” Shadowserver said on Twitter.

Windows and Office admins get a busy start to 2023, with Microsoft releasing 98 security fixes for its platforms — that’s a big haul when compared to most Patch Tuesdays and almost double the number it turned out leading into the holiday season. January 2023 Patch Tuesday addresses two zero-day flaws but only one of them is known to be actively exploited, which is the critical Windows flaw, tracked as CVE-2023-21674. This flaw allows an attacker with local privileges to elevate to system, the highest level of privileges. It has a CVSSv3 severity score of 8.8 out of 10. Earlier this month, security research group Shadowserver reported that there were 70,000 unpatched Exchange Servers exposed on the internet to highlight how many were likely still vulnerable to two Exchange Server zero-day flaws Microsoft patched in November, dubbed ProxyNotShell.